The Vanadium redox technology and process is already well proven and in operation at various installations around the world. The technology has a number of unique features that provides significant benefits for users, namely;

• Unlike most other battery technologies, the redox battery uses electrodes that do not take part in the reactions; furthermore there are no solid depositions on the electrodes and therefore no issues of “shape change” or chemical degradation due to corrosion;

• The technology operates at ambient temperature and pressure, eliminating the need for any expensive infrastructure;

• The life of the battery is not affected by the state of discharge as is the case with conventional lead-acid;

• The performance of the battery is not affected by temperatures within the range of 0 – 45oC;

• For the above reasons, the redox technology has excellent reliability, stable performance and long life as demonstrated in existing static applications (for example, one installation in Japan has operated over 12,000 deep discharge cycles);

• The electrodes and electrolyte are not co-housed as with most other battery technologies; the peak power delivery capability (kW) is defined by the size of the cell stack, whilst the energy storage capacity (kWh) is determined by the quantity of electrolyte used. Thus the redox system can be configured to match the exact requirements of power and storage.

• The technology has a low environmental impact and contains no heavy metals with disposal issues such as lead, nickel, zinc, cadmium etc, whilst the electrolyte itself is constantly recycled and has an indefinite life;

• The electrolyte is based on vanadium which is abundantly available and can be also be recovered from flyash and steel slag.

The building block for RE-fuel products is a 5kW continuous (9kW peak) fuel cell stack. Electrolyte is pumped through the stack from 2 tanks.

From the 5kW building block RE-fuel will market three generic products:

• E Power – for static energy storage. System size from 5kW upwards and storage capacity of four, six and twelve hours. This will include the fuel cell, pumps and storage tanks, control system, rectifier and dc/ac inverter.

• E Mobile – for mobile systems. Systems in multiples of 9Wp. This will include on board tanks and ancillary equipment together with the fuel cell stack.

• E Station – rapid refuelling (RRF) station providing a three-minute recharge for electrically powered vehicles comprising stack for recharging, tanks, control system, rectifier and inverter, pumps and dry break coupling for refuelling.