Niche electric vehicle applications such as delivery vans (eg Post Office), shuttle buses, airport vehicles, golf carts, municipal vehicles (street cleaners, park vehicles). These applications are usually city based where there are strong political pressures to use zero emission vehicles and where 'return to base' operations are viable with a single fuelling range of 50 miles or more.

Stationary applications for airports, supermarkets and telecommunications where on site generation by Redox fuel cell offers a number of advantages: security of supply for key equipment; UPS quality power; substitute/mitigate the need for on site back up diesel generation; reduce risk of brown outs when grid supply is under pressure; provides storage for renewable energy generation on site and for load levelling to avoid maximum demand tariffs.